AED / Defibrillator Usage: Critical Mistakes to Avoid | Wellbeing

Dr. Hoang Van Cuong | Trainer - "Fast First Aid - Saving Lives" Project Wellbeing Health Education Organization

Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) can strike at any moment. According to the WHO, the mortality rate from cardiac arrest in Vietnam exceeds the combined death toll of lung cancer and traffic accidents. A victim's chance of survival drops by 7% to 10% for every minute that passes without defibrillation. This statistic underscores why having an onsite Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is vital. However, despite their importance, users often make critical errors during operation. This article outlines common mistakes when using an AED and how to avoid them.

1. Improper AED Storage and Accessibility

An AED must be easily accessible. Ideally, retrieving the device should take no more than 3 minutes. When providing first aid to a cardiac arrest victim, every second counts.

• Solution: Placing the AED in a high-traffic area is an excellent strategy. Additionally, ensure the AED is stored in a wall-mounted cabinet at a moderate height, clearly visible so that anyone can locate it instantly in an emergency.

2. Ignoring AED Prompts and Instructions

When faced with a victim of cardiac arrest, panic and anxiety are natural reactions. However, the most critical factor in these situations is to remain calm and focus entirely on the device's guidance.

Laypeople with no medical training can effectively operate an AED thanks to its audio and visual prompts. The machine provides instructions ranging from basics like "Call Emergency Services" to specific details like "Remove clothing" (expose the victim's chest) and "Remove jewelry."

• Rule: You must follow the AED's instructions exactly as given.

3. Confusion Between CPR and AED Usage

Bystanders often hesitate, unsure whether to perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) or use the AED. Remember: in all cases of cardiac arrest whether an AED is present or not, you must perform CPR as soon as possible.

Here is why:

• Scenario A (No AED / No Shock Advised): You must immediately perform CPR to circulate blood and oxygen to the body.

• Scenario B (Shock Advised): If the AED delivers a shock, the heart essentially "resets" and may briefly pause or stop fibrillating. At this moment, the heart requires oxygenated blood to recover its normal rhythm. CPR provides this essential blood flow.

4. Incorrect Electrode Pad Placement

If the electrode pads are placed incorrectly, the AED will fail to analyze the heart rhythm or deliver a shock.

• Solution: To avoid this error, choose AED models that offer clear, illustrated instructions (and voice prompts) regarding exact pad placement on the chest.

5. Neglecting AED Maintenance Schedules

Are you aware of your AED's maintenance schedule?

• Action: Regularly check the manufacturer's website or the device manual to know when to replace the battery and electrode pads. In critical moments, you must replace these components to ensure the device operates effectively.

Be Prepared: You cannot predict when you might need to use an AED or perform CPR. Encourage your family, friends, and colleagues to participate in first aid training courses. This ensures everyone remains calm and responds correctly to potential emergencies.