Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction and Notes

What is Myocardial Infarction?

Myocardial infarction occurs when one or more arteries supplying blood to the heart are blocked, leading to a lack of oxygen for the heart muscle. This condition can cause serious damage to the heart muscle and even threaten life.

Symptoms of Myocardial Infarction

Some common symptoms of MI include:

• Chest pain (sensation of compression, squeezing)

• Pain radiating to the shoulder, back, jaw, or arm

• Shortness of breath

• Cold sweat

• Nausea or vomiting

• Rapid heartbeat

• Sudden drop in blood pressure (Hypotension)

In some cases, myocardial infarction may manifest with mild or atypical symptoms, which can lead to the patient not realizing the seriousness of their condition. These symptoms may include: shortness of breath, sudden fatigue, mild chest pain, or no chest pain.

Diagnostic Methods for Myocardial Infarction

To diagnose myocardial infarction, doctors typically use the following methods:

1. Clinical Examination The doctor will ask about symptoms, medical history, and perform a clinical examination. Diagnosis is based on functional symptoms such as chest pain, radiating pain, sweating, nausea, rapid heartbeat, as well as medical history to identify myocardial infarction.

2. Electrocardiogram (ECG) An electrocardiogram is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart, detecting abnormalities that may indicate myocardial infarction. Changes in the ECG, through abnormal signs such as ST-segment elevation or ST-segment depression, can indicate a myocardial infarction.

3. Blood Tests Blood tests will check for the presence of cardiac enzymes (such as troponin) to determine the extent of damage to the heart muscle.

4. Echocardiogram An echocardiogram helps assess the function of the heart and detect abnormalities in the heart's structure.

5. Coronary Angiography This method allows the doctor to observe the coronary arteries to determine the location and severity of the blockage.

Notes on Myocardial Infarction

• The "Golden Hour": Early recognition of symptoms and seeking timely medical help is crucial to minimize heart muscle damage. Early medical intervention (within the first 1 to 2 hours) when the heart muscle is only mildly damaged will limit the necrosis of the heart muscle. If symptoms appear, emergency hospitalization is required immediately for early intervention. This helps reduce the risk of complications and lower the mortality rate for myocardial infarction.

• High-Risk Subjects: People with a family history, those who have had a stroke or previous myocardial infarction, diabetes, hypertension, or an unhealthy lifestyle need to pay closer attention to symptoms of myocardial infarction.

• Recurrence of Myocardial Infarction: After a person has experienced a myocardial infarction, the risk of recurrence in the future may be higher, especially if there are no changes in lifestyle and healthcare regimen.

Early and accurate diagnosis of myocardial infarction is crucial for protecting cardiovascular health. If you or a loved one has suspicious symptoms, go to a medical facility immediately for examination and timely treatment.