How Does an AED Support the Victim? | Wellbeing

1. What is Defibrillation/AED?

Defibrillation is a vital part of the chain of survival. The survival rate for a victim of Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) or Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) can reach as high as 90% if defibrillation and CPR are performed immediately. Conversely, this survival rate decreases by 10% for every minute that passes without defibrillation.

2. How Does an AED Work?

There are many causes of sudden cardiac arrest, leading to a cessation of blood flow to vital organs, particularly the brain and coronary arteries. This can result in stroke, brain death, or fatalities. In these critical moments, a device capable of analyzing the heart rhythm and delivering a shock to correct fibrillation is essential.

While various types of defibrillators exist, the Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is specifically designed for public access and is commonly found in locations such as train stations, subway systems, and shopping malls. The device consists of a component that analyzes the patient's heart rhythm and sends signals to a processing unit. After processing the data, the unit will deliver an electric shock to restore a normal heart rhythm if a shockable rhythm is detected.

3. How to Use an AED

Using a public AED is not difficult. Anyone can operate this device, as it typically features clear voice prompts and visual indicators (lights) to guide the user. Below are the standard steps for using an AED:

• Step 1: Check the device status (verify the expiry date of pads/batteries and the general condition of the unit).

• Step 2: Expose the victim's chest. Ensure the chest area is dry and remove any excessive chest hair where the electrodes will be placed. Remove metal objects and accessories such as watches, belts, necklaces, or rings (if they interfere with the procedure).

• Step 3: Apply the electrode pads to the correct positions on the victim's chest. Wait a few seconds for the device to analyze the heart rhythm and provide instructions (whether to deliver a shock or perform CPR).

• Step 4: If the device advises a shock, follow the instructions to deliver it (press the shock button if semi-automatic). If no shock is advised, perform chest compressions (CPR) according to the device's metronome or guidance.

• Step 5: Continue the cycle until the victim regains consciousness, emergency medical personnel arrive, or you become too exhausted to continue.

In Western countries, Automated External Defibrillators have become commonplace. Thanks to this widespread availability, countless lives are saved every year.